Robert Scholes is Research Professor of Modern Media and Culture at Brown University, where he directs the Modernist Journals Project. A past president of the MLA, he is author or editor of numerous books, including Semiotics and Interpretation, Textual Power, Protocols of Reading, The Rise and Fall of English, The Crafty Reader, Paradoxy of Modernism, Modernism in the Magazines, Fields of Writing, and Fields of Reading.